Customer Win-Back Campaigns
Run win-back campaigns for dormant customers with targeted offers and follow-up.
Explore this use case →Retention and lifecycle engagement · Planning
Use win back offers to test win-back offers and timing across defined lapsed customer cohorts.
Match offers to why customers left
Segment lapsed customers by reason and value, so every win-back offer fits their situation and history.
Test which offers work best
Improve reactivation rates by testing offer types and amounts with small groups before sending widely.
Keep returning customers longer
Pair every win-back offer with a short onboarding journey to help returning customers stay this time.
✓ SOC 2 Type IITrusted by 300+ brands

If you're looking for a powerful platform to run your loyalty and promotions initiatives, NextBee should be your first choice.
The team has helped us scale the referral program to multiple markets including US, Japan, Australia, Singapore.
NextBee delivered the right platform and the right partnership. Their comprehensive solution and collaborative approach helped us grow participation from an original goal of 10% to 35% of our customer base.
As a trusted partner, the Nextbee team has consistently delivered reliable and responsive service in support of Just Energy's digital gift card program.
An ROI positive program is not just a buzzword, but a commitment we stand by.



Trigger journeys from product events, account milestones, and plan changes with SaaS customer retention software built for subscription teams. Every account gets a timely next step, so adoption turns into renewals instead of surprises.

Guide new users through setup, a first project, and team invites with progress tracking, reminders, and completion incentives that improve trial-to-paid conversion. More trials reach first value before the clock runs out, which lifts your free trial conversion rate.

Spot falling logins, stalled milestones, and seat drops with customer health score automation, then launch at-risk customer outreach that offers help before discounts. Accounts get saved earlier, when a nudge still costs less than a concession.

Reward account milestones, early renewals, and plan upgrades through one B2B renewal program that also serves as your net revenue retention program. Customers find clear reasons to commit for another term, and expansion revenue grows with them.

Test win-back offers against defined lapse cohorts and reasons for leaving. Record the return action and offer cost, then compare results before extending an offer to more customers.

Place prompts, progress, and rewards inside your product and lifecycle emails with in-app retention software that reacts to real usage. Users keep finding new value, and daily habits form before renewal season.

Compare cohorts, renewal rates, and offer costs with customer retention analytics, including cohort retention analysis by plan and segment. Leadership sees which journeys protect revenue, and weak offers get cut.

Work with NextBee to design a digital customer success program, often called tech touch customer success, that reaches every account one to many. CSMs focus on strategic accounts while scaled customer success covers the rest.

Connect product events, CRM stages, and billing status, so Salesforce customer retention workflows and HubSpot retention automation stay in step with your Stripe subscription retention rules. Teams work from one account view, and renewals never depend on manual exports.

Build ecommerce customer retention journeys on a retention marketing platform that reads purchase cycles, browsing, and loyalty status, then sends the right offer at the right moment. Customers come back on a schedule that fits them, and repeat revenue grows without blanket discounts.

Welcome new shoppers with a profile checklist, preference capture, and a reward for the second order, the step that turns a trial purchase into a habit. First-time buyers return, and you learn their preferences from day one.

Offer pause options, skip-a-delivery choices, and reason-based save offers with cancellation flow software for subscription boxes and DTC brands. Cancellations turn into pauses, and subscription commerce churn drops.

Celebrate delivery milestones, club anniversaries, and early renewals with wine club member benefits and box perks timed to each shipment. Subscription box retention and wine club retention improve because members see value before every charge.

Segment lapsed shoppers by last purchase and favorite category, then send win back offers that escalate only when needed. Dormant customers return to buy, and you protect margin by holding back your biggest discounts.

Add interactive digital receipts, order confirmation page engagement, and replenishment reminders timed to each product's reorder window. Brand recall holds between orders with post purchase engagement, and reorders arrive on time.

Track repeat purchase rate, customer lifetime value, and incremental margin for every offer, with retention offer optimization rules that cap spend. You reduce retention discount costs and invest in the journeys that bring shoppers back.

Partner with NextBee to plan seasonal retention campaigns, and give franchise or store teams approved campaign kits under central rules. Multi-location customer retention stays on brand, and every store manager knows the next step.

Pull orders from Shopify Plus, BigCommerce, or custom storefronts, capture in-store purchases through POS connections, and send retention events to Klaviyo or Braze. Shoppers see consistent offers on every channel, with no manual exports.

Engage bank and credit union members from account opening through everyday use with bank customer retention journeys built on approved account events. Members deepen their relationship with you, and fewer accounts go quiet after the first months.

Combine direct deposit setup, card activation, mobile app enrollment, and e-statements into one bank customer onboarding checklist with progress and rewards. New accounts become active accounts during the weeks that decide the relationship.

Watch for falling deposits, fewer card transactions, and missed logins, then trigger outreach with relevant benefits before balances move elsewhere. Relationships that would otherwise close without notice stay intact.

Recognize on-time loan payments, autopay enrollment, and payoff milestones with a loan payment rewards program your lending team controls. Borrowers stay current and choose your institution again for their next loan.

Launch a dormant account reactivation program with targeted incentives for a first deposit, card purchase, or app login. Idle accounts return to regular use, and you avoid the cost of replacing them.

Embed savings goals, financial tips, and progress rewards inside your mobile banking app and email statements. Account holders open your app more often, and you become part of their daily routine.

Measure deposits, product adoption, and account retention for members in programs against those who are not, with audit trails behind every reward. One report proves results to leadership and satisfies compliance.

Draft mechanics, rewards, and disclosures alongside your compliance and marketing leads, then roll approved campaigns out to every branch. Branch retention campaigns run consistently, and audits hold no surprises.

Route approved events from core banking, digital banking apps, card processors, and Salesforce into retention rules without replacing your core systems. Progress updates automatically, and IT avoids a lengthy core project.

Launch insurance customer retention journeys from policy events, claim milestones, and wellness actions, all under approved eligibility rules. Policyholders hear from you for more than billing, which builds insurance customer engagement before renewal.

Introduce new customers to app setup, paperless billing, autopay, and coverage reviews with a progress checklist and completion rewards. Coverage makes sense sooner, and new customers feel confident they chose well.

Flag rate-change notices, missed payments, and service complaints as risk signals, then send relevant benefits and an agent follow-up. More policies stay on the books through rate-change season.

Create an insurance renewal campaign that reminds policyholders of earned benefits, loyalty perks, and early-renewal offers before the term ends. Your policyholder retention program boosts on-time renewals without broad rate cuts.

Reconnect with former policyholders as their new term nears, with personalized quotes and loyalty credits for returning. Lapsed customers come back, and your acquisition costs fall.

Check in after claims, complaints, and billing issues with a service recovery program that confirms resolution and offers approved goodwill benefits. Policyholders who had a hard moment stay, and your service team sees which fixes work.

Contrast renewal rates for engaged and non-engaged policyholders, with offer costs and audit trails by product line. Regulators and leadership see exactly how incentives are applied and what they return.

Plan incentives, disclosures, and agent workflows with NextBee, including state-by-state reviews where rules differ. Launch with your approved rules in place, and the program stays easy to manage.

Map policy administration, billing, and Salesforce events to retention rules through the API, so renewal dates and status always stay current. Agents and service teams see the same policyholder view.

Design telecom customer retention journeys from plan changes, device upgrades, outages, and contract dates, with offers matched to each segment. Subscribers feel recognized for their tenure, which supports broadband customer retention and mobile plan renewals.

Walk new customers through app setup, autopay, device activation, and plan features with a progress checklist and welcome rewards. This removes early confusion, and fewer subscribers call support or cancel in the first months.

Score usage drops, complaints, and contract end dates with telco churn management rules, then route offers or agent outreach in time. ISP churn reduction becomes a planned process instead of a last-minute scramble.

Offer early-renewal perks, loyalty pricing previews, and upgrade paths as contracts near their end date. Subscribers renew on better plans, and average revenue per account grows.

Reach former customers when their competitor contract ends, with targeted offers, personalized emails, and SMS reminders that make returning simple. Win-back becomes a steady source of returning revenue.

Deliver interactive email campaigns, satisfaction checks, and feature tips after installs, device purchases, and plan changes. Households get more from their service, and support calls drop.

Test which incentives keep subscribers longest while tracking churn, ARPU, and offer cost across segments and markets. Budget flows to the offers that work, and the rest retire.

Bring in our customer retention services team to design save offers, manage campaigns, and review results with you every quarter. Retention capacity grows without new hires.

Feed account, billing, and service events from your BSS, OSS, and CRM, or activate cohorts from Snowflake and Databricks through reverse ETL retention campaigns. Offers reach the right subscribers with no manual list pulls.

Shape digital subscriber retention journeys from content activity, newsletter engagement, and audience cohorts for news sites, magazines, and streaming services. Readers form a daily habit, and newspaper subscriber retention improves without steeper discounts.

Ask new subscribers to follow topics, set alerts, download the app, and join newsletters through a progress checklist. A strong first week builds the habit that keeps subscriptions active.

Present reason-based save offers, pause options, and plan downgrades inside your cancel flow, and collect cancellation feedback on the same screen. Readers stay on a plan that fits, and you learn why others leave.

Thank long-time subscribers with exclusive content, event access, and early-renewal perks timed to each billing cycle. Reader engagement program members renew more often because they see the value of their subscription.

Time win-back offers to big stories and new seasons, matched to the topics and shows each former subscriber followed. Returning readers pick up where they left off, and win-back costs stay low.

Put polls, quizzes, and progress inside the inbox with interactive email marketing, using AMP for email where supported. Clicks happen without leaving the newsletter, and each one tells you what to publish next.

Correlate reading days, renewal rates, and offer costs across cohorts to find the sections and formats that predict retention. Editorial and audience teams invest in content that keeps subscriptions active.

Align retention campaigns with your editorial calendar, events, and seasonal shows. Campaigns support your newsroom's schedule instead of adding work.

Sync subscription status from Stripe, Chargebee, or Recurly, audience signals from Tealium, and content events from your CMS. Every journey runs on current subscriber data, without manual list pulls.

Power gym member retention journeys from check-ins, class bookings, and progress milestones, with rewards that celebrate consistency. Attendance stays steady through slower seasons as routines form.

Book new members into an orientation, a first class, and a goal-setting session with a progress checklist and welcome rewards. Early wins keep newcomers from quitting in the months that matter most.

Alert staff to missed weeks and dropping visit counts, then send personal check-ins, class invites, and trainer outreach before members freeze or cancel. Quiet members get a friendly nudge while it still works.

Unlock annual renewal bonuses, premium tier upgrades, and guest passes for members who hit attendance goals. Longer commitments follow, and premium plans grow.

Invite former members back before New Year and summer with free classes, waived fees, and returning-member rewards. Returning members fill classes at a lower cost than new sign-ups.

Layer challenges, streaks, and rewards into your app and connected equipment with a mobile app retention program. Members open the app between visits, keeping your brand present on rest days.

Split retention for program members and non-members by location, class type, and instructor. Regional managers see which clubs need support and which practices to copy.

Equip franchise and corporate locations with approved campaign kits, staff guides, and central rules. Clubs run strong programs without adding work for managers.

Import check-ins, bookings, and billing from your club management software, wearables, and app. Member progress updates automatically, and staff never reconcile spreadsheets.

Support patients through appointments, check-ins, and approved care milestones with a patient engagement program that builds consent into every step. Patients stay connected to your practice, and patient retention program results become measurable.

Lead new patients and health plan members through portal setup, preferences, and a first visit or wellness assessment with progress tracking. Patients know where to go for care, which reduces early drop-off.

Detect missed appointments, overdue screenings, and unused benefits, then send supportive reminders through each person's preferred channel. Fewer patients fall out of care, and your teams spend less time on manual outreach.

Fund health plan member incentives for screenings, preventive visits, and wellness steps, with verified completion and reward review. Care gap closure incentives lift health plan member engagement at the moments that matter for renewal.

Remind lapsed patients about annual visits and follow-ups with personalized messages and easy booking. Routine visits return to the schedule, and appointment slots stay full.

Schedule refill reminders, post-visit check-ins, and patient adherence incentives tied to approved milestones through one refill reminder program. Adherence improves as patients follow their care plans more closely.

Document participation, completion, and reward review across member and patient cohorts, with full audit trails. Leadership and regulators see program value from one source of data.

Settle incentive design, consent language, and reward limits that fit healthcare rules with NextBee specialists. Your program launches with compliance review complete.

Bridge approved events from EHR, scheduling, pharmacy, and member systems to program rules through secure APIs. Reminders and rewards stay accurate without exposing more data than each step needs.

Link attendance, coursework milestones, and campus participation in a student retention program spanning your institution. Student persistence program goals become trackable, and more students stay on the path to a degree.

Coach incoming students through orientation tasks, advisor meetings, and first-week activities with progress tracking and welcome rewards. Freshmen feel connected sooner, which supports first-year retention.

Catch missed classes, late assignments, and low LMS activity, then route outreach to advisors with supportive incentives. Struggling students get help before a missed term becomes a withdrawal.

Remind students of registration windows and reward early registration, cleared holds, and financial aid steps through a student re-enrollment program. Fewer students miss the next term because of a forgotten task.

Contact students who stopped out with personalized messages, credit transfer guidance, and returning-student incentives. Degrees get finished, and enrollment recovers without new recruiting costs.

Feature events, clubs, and service opportunities in your campus app with points and recognition for participation. Involved students feel they belong, and belonging keeps them enrolled.

Analyze persistence and re-enrollment for participants and non-participants by cohort, program, and campus. Funding goes to the college student retention solutions that work.

Scope retention goals, advisor workflows, and incentives across departments with our specialists. Advisors gain support instead of more workload.

Draw attendance, coursework, and registration events from your LMS, student information system, and Salesforce or Slate CRM. Advisors and students see accurate progress in one place.

Anchor a resident retention program in lease milestones, community participation, and on-time rent, with rules set at the portfolio level. Multifamily resident retention improves, and turnover costs fall.

Greet new residents with a move-in checklist for utilities, renters insurance, portal setup, and community events, plus welcome rewards. Residents settle in faster and feel at home sooner.

Track maintenance complaints, late payments, and survey scores as risk signals, then alert property teams to follow up early. Property teams solve problems before notice-to-vacate letters arrive.

Extend lease renewal incentives such as unit upgrades, amenity credits, and loyalty points to residents who renew ahead of the deadline. Renewal rates rise, and vacancy days drop.

Stay in touch with past residents and offer returning-resident perks as their next lease decision nears. Known residents with good payment history return at lower cost than new applicants.

Trigger satisfaction checks after work orders close, and offer approved goodwill benefits when a repair took too long. Tenants feel heard, and one bad experience no longer drives a move-out.

Benchmark renewal rates, incentive costs, and resident engagement by property, region, and unit type. Asset managers see which communities need attention and which incentives pay back.

Give property teams approved campaign kits, renewal playbooks, and central controls designed with NextBee. Communities run the program the same way, with less work for managers.

Stream lease, rent, and resident events from Yardi, AppFolio, or Entrata into program rules through a property management resident rewards integration. Rewards update automatically, and site teams never re-enter data.

Tie giving milestones, impact updates, and recognition together in a donor retention program spanning every campaign. Supporters stay connected to your mission, and second gifts become more common.

Follow every first gift with a thank-you journey, an impact story, and an invitation to volunteer or give monthly. Second gifts arrive sooner.

Monitor skipped monthly gifts, unopened updates, and missed events, then send personal stewardship before a donor lapses. Relationships stay warm instead of fading quietly.

Honor monthly donors at giving anniversaries and milestones, and invite them to upgrade as their impact grows. Recurring revenue stays steady, and supporters feel part of your progress.

Share stories of what past gifts achieved, plus a clear, easy way to give again, with every lapsed donor. Reactivation costs far less than finding new supporters.

Follow each donation with an interactive receipt, impact updates, and share prompts that invite friends to join. Donors see their gift at work, and their networks discover your cause.

Break down retention by campaign, gift size, and channel to see which touches lead to repeat gifts. Development teams focus time on the stewardship that works.

Design donor journeys, recognition plans, and charity drives with our specialists, including support for multi-chapter organizations. Small development teams run large programs with confidence.

Capture donations, events, and volunteer hours from Salesforce, HubSpot, and your giving platform. Donor records stay complete, and recognition happens automatically.

Orchestrate association member retention journeys that connect benefits, milestones, and participation across chapters and member segments. Each membership renewal campaign converts more often because members see the value of belonging.

Use a welcome checklist to help new members complete profiles, join groups, register for events, and claim benefits. New members find value early, which supports first-year renewals.

Surface drops in event attendance, learning activity, and community posts, then send relevant benefits to quiet members well ahead of their renewal date. Memberships that would otherwise lapse without a word get saved.

Package early-renewal rewards, multi-year options, and tier upgrades with member retention software that tracks every renewal window. Nonprofit membership retention improves because members commit before the deadline.

Entice lapsed members back with reinstatement offers, event discounts, and reminders of the benefits they miss. Dues revenue returns at a fraction of recruitment costs.

Wrap up conferences, webinars, and courses with interactive recaps, certificates, and invitations to the next activity. Engagement continues between events, which keeps renewal top of mind.

Review participation and renewal rates by chapter, segment, and join year, and compare members in programs with those who are not. The right members get reached before renewal season, with evidence for your board.

Prepare chapter campaign kits, leader guides, and renewal plans with NextBee, all under central rules. Volunteer leaders run strong programs without extra work.

Match renewals, event registrations, and course completions to your association management system and community platform. Member records stay complete, and renewal journeys always run on current data.
Test win-back offers against defined lapse cohorts and reasons for leaving. Record the return action and offer cost, then compare results before extending an offer to more customers.
Use relevant signup and activity events to guide the next action. Coordinate reminders, resources and follow-up around the milestones that show a customer is getting value.
Plan communications and eligible offers around the renewal journey. Keep contract or membership timing, account context and response history connected so the invitation fits the situation.
Connect the service outcome to an appropriate follow-up, apology or approved offer. Keep the recovery action and response visible so the team can learn from the experience.
Group inactive customers by useful context and choose an appropriate message or offer. Coordinate timing and response tracking so each invitation adds a reason to return.
NEW Agentic Studio
Bring your program rules and business context. Shape a playbook with your team, then put agents to work preparing campaigns, useful assets and your next growth opportunity.
Lifetime Engagement prepares promotional assets. Opportunity Miner finds new program opportunities. Data Wrangler checks connected data. Tribe Leader Support equips your advocates.
See Agentic Studio in action →
EXPLORE WITH YOUR LIFETIME ENGAGEMENT AGENT
What should a win-back communication plan tell lapsed customers, and when?
This template lays out every win-back message from first lapse nudge to second-purchase follow-up, with fields for segment, offer variant, trigger, channel and consent basis. The Retention Marketing Manager fills it during planning so each message maps to a test cell and reactivation rate by offer variant can be read cleanly.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR LIFETIME ENGAGEMENT AGENT
How does a win-back offer strategy work across the win-back stage?
Treat the win-back stage as five phases measured from the lapse signal: nudge, soft offer, choice of offer, escalation for high-value customers only, and sunset. Each phase has its own trigger, incentive, exit rule and holdout so the Director of Customer Retention can see incremental lift at every step.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR LIFETIME ENGAGEMENT AGENT
What terms should a retention marketing manager know for a win-back offer strategy?
Retention marketing managers running a win-back offer strategy need shared terms for design, offers, finance, compliance and metrics. This glossary groups 30 terms, each with a short definition, why it matters, search variants and a related term.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR LIFETIME ENGAGEMENT AGENT
How do you make the email or SMS click-through work for a win-back offer strategy?
The click-through from a win-back email or SMS is the moment the offer must match, load fast and ask for one action. This launch checklist ranks fixes by priority so the Lifecycle Marketing Manager turns clicks into returns that hold through 90-day retention.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
What is the difference between a win-back offer strategy and customer retention cost reduction?
Win-back offer strategy designs and tests offers that bring lapsed customers back; customer retention cost reduction governs total discount and reward spend across renewal, at-risk and win-back. The first optimizes reactivation per offer; the second caps and reallocates the budget those offers draw from.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
What is a win-back offer strategy?
A win-back offer strategy is the planned set of reactivation offers a company gives lapsed customers, segmented by value and lapse length, escalated over time and tested against a no-offer holdout. It decides who gets an offer, how big, when, and whether the offer caused the return.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
How do you pilot a win-back offer strategy and prove it works?
Run the pilot as randomized offer cells plus a no-offer holdout on one lapsed cohort, then compute incentive cost per incremental reactivation, not per redemption.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
How do you evaluate win-back offer strategy vendors?
Score win-back offer vendors on offer ladder controls, holdout and test-cell support, margin guardrails, ERP order data integration and code leakage controls, with weights that sum to 100. A Promotions Analyst should weight margin erosion per reactivation controls heavily and verify every claim in a scripted demo.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
What does running a win-back offer strategy look like in practice?
In practice, the Retention Marketing Manager decides five things in the planning phase: lapse definition, segment split, offer reason, holdout design and escalation path. This example scenario walks each as a yes/no decision so the variants are set up to read reactivation rate by offer variant cleanly.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
How do you migrate a win-back offer strategy from spreadsheets to a platform?
Moving win-back offers off spreadsheets and ESP code lists means carrying over open offers, issued codes, holdout assignments, consents and segment rules, then reconciling outstanding offer liability with finance. The CRM Manager should run the old and new setup in parallel before cutover so incentive cost per reactivated customer stays comparable.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
What should a win-back offer strategy dashboard show each week?
A weekly win-back dashboard should show 90-day retention of reactivated customers, reactivation rate by offer variant, incremental lift vs holdout, incentive cost per reactivated customer and margin erosion. Each metric below has a formula, source system, owner and an alert condition with a agreed threshold.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
What KPIs measure win-back offer strategy success?
Measure a win-back offer strategy with 90-day retention of reactivated customers, reactivation rate by offer variant, incremental lift vs no-offer holdout, incentive cost per reactivated customer and margin erosion per reactivation.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
How can AI agents help run a win-back offer strategy?
AI agents can draft segments, offer variants and landing page copy, pace budgets and triage code leakage, but the Director of Customer Retention stays accountable and a person approves any change to offer value, holdout assignment or suppression.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR TRIBE LEADER SUPPORT AGENT
What are common win-back offer strategy mistakes and how do you fix them?
Most costly win-back offer strategy mistakes happen while configuring: no holdout, shared codes, loose attribution windows and offer ladders that escalate for everyone. Comparing the common setup with a better one shows where incentive cost per reactivated customer leaks and who should fix it.








Customer Perspective
If you're looking for a powerful platform to run your loyalty and promotions initiatives, NextBee should be your first choice.
Mary Velosky
Executive Vice President · Eniva Health
Compare related approaches and choose the ideas you want to see in your demo.
Run win-back campaigns for dormant customers with targeted offers and follow-up.
Explore this use case →Set eligibility, budgets and escalation rules for customer retention offers.
Explore this use case →Define retention journeys, outcome measures and integration needs for vendor review.
Explore this use case →Turn customer risk signals into coordinated engagement and retention programs.
Explore this use case →Bring onboarding, repeat engagement and win-back into a coordinated marketing program.
Explore this use case →Turn order and customer activity into repeat-purchase and reactivation campaigns.
Explore this use case →Support bank and credit-union retention from onboarding to inactive-account outreach.
Explore this use case →Coordinate student engagement and re-enrollment campaigns across your institution.
Explore this use case →Offer relevant retention options during cancellation while keeping the exit path clear.
Explore this use case →Run one-to-many customer success programs across onboarding, adoption and renewal.
Explore this use case →Create upgrade campaigns that connect member activity with relevant plan benefits.
Explore this use case →Build lender-owned rewards around approved payment milestones and borrower engagement.
Explore this use case →Bring your program brief, integration questions and rollout priorities. Work through the choices with a team that connects strategy, program operations and implementation.

Head of Strategic Partnerships
Offer an eligible benefit at a useful relationship milestone, instead of waiting until the customer is already leaving.

Client Relations Director
Connect a replenishment reminder to a clear next step, using timing that fits the product and customer preferences.

Communications Director
Give the team a defined way to offer help or an eligible benefit after an agreed service event.

Customer Experience Lead
Show the value, terms and next steps of renewing so the customer can make an informed decision.