Virtual Event and Webinar Engagement
Add challenges, learning activities and rewards to your webinar or virtual event program.
Explore this use case →Event Referral Program
Use an event referral program to invite fans to bring friends and track introductions through qualified event milestones.
Make referring friends easy
Give every ticket buyer a referral link, so they can invite friends right after purchase.
Sell more tickets through friends
Grow ticket sales by offering friends a discount when they buy through a referral link.
Reward attendees who bring friends
Credit perks and seat upgrades to keep attendees inviting more friends to every event you host.
✓ SOC 2 Type IITrusted by 300+ brands

NextBee delivered the right platform and the right partnership. Their comprehensive solution and collaborative approach helped us grow participation from an original goal of 10% to 35% of our customer base.
The team has helped us scale the referral program to multiple markets including US, Japan, Australia, Singapore.
As a trusted partner, the Nextbee team has consistently delivered reliable and responsive service in support of Just Energy's digital gift card program.
If you're looking for a powerful platform to run your loyalty and promotions initiatives, NextBee should be your first choice.
An ROI positive program is not just a buzzword, but a commitment we stand by.



Guide attendees through sessions, networking, exhibits, and other event activities through conference gamification. Show individual or team progress in a conference leaderboard so participants always know what they can do next.

Reward attendees after an approved event or session check-in instead of treating registration as proof they attended. With event attendance incentives, you can encourage arrival, session participation, and return attendance.

Run a conference scavenger hunt, knowledge challenge, or session activity that gives attendees clear reasons to explore the agenda. Add conference session gamification when you want to reinforce learning or gather feedback after a session.

Connect sponsor booths, demos, meetings, or content activities to trackable attendee actions. Sponsors can see completed interactions instead of relying only on general event traffic.

Offer rewards for completed conference activities, repeat attendance, or qualified referrals. An event referral program can give attendees a tracked way to invite a colleague while keeping reward rules clear.

Send relevant recaps, feedback requests, next-event invitations, and follow-up activities based on what each attendee joined. Executive roundtable programs can use a separate follow-up journey for smaller, high-value sessions.

Report sessions attended, sponsor activities completed, networking participation, and other verified event actions. Give sponsors and internal teams a clear recap without treating registration totals as engagement.

Work with NextBee on event engagement strategy, conference challenges, sponsor activities, reward rules, and launch support. User conference teams can also plan engagement around adoption, community, and post-event follow-up.

Bring registration and attendance events from Cvent, Bizzabo, Whova, or your existing event stack into challenges and reporting. Virtual and hybrid sessions can contribute to the same attendee profile.

Our event engagement platform shows attendees booths, demos, education sessions, and other activities worth visiting. A shared progress view gives attendees a reason to explore more of the show floor.

Use badge, QR, or registration data to confirm attendance before you award points or other benefits. Track day-one arrival, multi-day returns, and event check-in rewards separately from registration.

Run a trade show passport program that sends attendees to selected exhibitors and activities. Add booth games, scavenger hunts, or exhibitor bingo to make each stop more engaging.

With our experiential marketing software, you can host demos, branded games, sample activities, and opt-in lead capture. Give exhibitors a clear record of the interactions tied to their activation.

Offer a reward after an attendee completes the passport, attends a demo, or returns for another conversation. Keep reward qualification tied to the specific activity you want to encourage.

Send post-event content and next-event invitations based on booths visited, activities completed, or topics selected. Give sales and marketing teams more context than a simple attendee list.

Compare booth visits, qualified leads, meetings, and follow-up activity by show. Send opt-in engagement context to your CRM so teams can review trade show ROI alongside later sales activity.

Work with NextBee on passports, booth games, exhibitor activities, reward rules, and operating guides. Use managed event engagement when your team wants support through setup and launch.

Bring badge or registration scans into event activities and send approved lead context to your CRM. Keep registration, lead management, and engagement connected without replacing your event stack.

Our sports fan engagement platform connects game-day activities, mobile participation, sponsor experiences, and ongoing fan programs. Give known fans one place to see their progress and participation.

Use approved ticket or venue scans to confirm arrival, then invite fans into points, challenges, or eligible rewards. Track early arrivals and repeat attendance without replacing your ticketing system.

Run live fan trivia, free-to-play prediction games, section challenges, and crowd engagement games during natural breaks in play. Keep prediction experiences focused on entertainment with no wagering.

Connect sponsor brands to QR activities, product trials, halftime moments, or in-game promotions. Track completed sponsor actions separately from general attendance.

Build a fan loyalty program that rewards attendance, app activity, sponsor tasks, referrals, and other approved participation. Let fans use earned value for merchandise, experiences, access, or other fan rewards.

Off-season fan engagement tools help you design content, challenges, member activities, and renewal journeys. Bring season ticket renewal incentives forward when you want to reconnect before the renewal deadline.

Compare sponsor completions, attendance, reward use, and fan activity by game or campaign. A fan advisory board can add direct supporter feedback before you plan the next season.

Our experts work with you to suggest game-day activities, sponsor tasks, fan rewards, off-season programs, and operating guides. Compare fan engagement platforms against your actual program needs when you are evaluating a new setup.

Bring ticket purchases and attendance events into fan engagement using approved ticketing feeds. Support Ticketmaster, SeatGeek, custom fan apps, and CRM workflows where the required integration is available.

Bring students, alumni, families, and supporters into the program
Create one participation experience for college athletics or school sports while keeping audience groups separate. Give students, alumni, parents, and fans relevant activities instead of treating everyone as the same ticket buyer.
Request a Demo
Use approved ticket, student, or venue check-ins to confirm attendance before awarding points or other benefits. Set different rules for student sections, alumni, families, and district events.

Run live trivia, section challenges, school-spirit activities, and free-to-play predictions during games. Use opt-in leaderboards when visible competition fits the audience.

Give sponsors student challenges, concession activities, QR tasks, or campus-week experiences. Report completed activities back to the sponsor by game or program.

Create separate earning rules for students, alumni, families, and other supporters. Offer school athletics fan rewards, event referrals, and approved fan experiences from one program.

Use watch parties, content, rivalry-week challenges, early ticket prompts, and off-season activities to keep fans involved. Create separate journeys for students, alumni, and families when their needs differ.

Break attendance, sponsor activities, rewards, and challenge participation down by students, alumni, families, or donors. Give athletics and advancement teams the views they need without duplicating every report.

Work with athletics, student organizations, alumni teams, and sponsors on event engagement ideas and operating guides. Give local teams clear instructions for recurring game-day activities.

Bring approved ticket scans and campus sign-ins into participation rules, then write relevant activity to your CRM or advancement system. Keep student and donor systems as the source of record.

Guide attendees through stages, artists, food, sponsor areas, and other festival activities with a mobile participation experience. Save progress across multi-day events so attendees can continue where they left off.

Use ticket, wristband, or approved check-in data to confirm attendance by day. Reward a return visit or selected check-in only after the system receives a qualifying attendance event.

Run scavenger hunts, crowd games, photo tasks, and shared challenges across festival areas. Use the activity to guide attendees toward stages, sponsor locations, or experiences they may otherwise miss.

Give sponsors product trials, photo activities, challenges, or other trackable experiences instead of relying only on signage. Record completed sponsor actions by event, day, or location.

Offer festival rewards for completed activities, multi-day attendance, or selected engagement goals. Add a refer-a-friend event journey or ticket ambassador program when fans help bring new attendees.

Send photos, recordings, artist updates, presale invitations, and next-event prompts based on verified participation. Use the quiet months to reconnect with attendees who already showed interest.

Compare area visits, challenge completions, sponsor tasks, and reward activity across the event. Give sponsors a recap based on completed actions rather than broad crowd estimates.

Work with NextBee on site activities, sponsor experiences, reward rules, ambassador tasks, and pre-event testing. Event ambassadors and street teams can receive clear promotion and referral tasks through the same program.

Bring approved ticket or wristband events into participation rules and send sponsor opt-ins to the appropriate marketing systems. Keep access control with the system already responsible for entry.

Create a fairground digital passport that guides visitors through barns, stages, exhibits, vendors, and family activities. Give families visible progress without making them plan the entire visit themselves.

Reward approved second-day visits, featured-area check-ins, or other qualifying attendance. Use gate or event check-ins to confirm the visit before awarding the benefit.

Run a scavenger hunt with sponsor stops, quizzes, and simple family challenges across the fairgrounds. Give participants a shared finish they can complete during their visit.

Connect brands to stages, barns, exhibits, or family activities and record qualifying participation. Sponsors can see the activity tied to their own experience.

Offer a reward, next-year preview, or other benefit after visitors complete selected activities. Keep family rewards simple enough for seasonal staff to explain.

Send next-year dates, exhibitor updates, volunteer opportunities, and other relevant news to volunteers who opted in. Use completed activities to shape which follow-up they receive.

Compare visits, passport completions, and sponsor activities across the run of the fair. Give boards and sponsors clear program counts from the same reporting source.

Work with NextBee on passport design, sponsor stops, reward rules, and operating guides before opening day. Keep instructions clear enough for seasonal teams and volunteers.

Bring approved gate scans and online entry events into the engagement program. Send opted-in visitor and sponsor activity to your email or CRM systems.

Guide attendees through galleries, objects, special exhibitions, and family activities with museum visitor engagement. Give each visitor a private progress view instead of forcing public competition.

Use membership or timed-entry data to recognize qualifying visits, first returns after a lapse, or selected exhibition attendance. Give visitors a next activity after check-in without changing your admission system.

Create object hunts, family quizzes, and school-group challenges tied to exhibition content. Give educators or families a simple way to see what the group completed.

Connect a sponsor to an exhibition trail, family activity, learning challenge, or membership prompt. Report the completed activities tied to that exhibition rather than general museum attendance.

Recognize exhibition completions, member visits, late hours, and selected participation with points or approved benefits. Give members reward choices that fit the museum experience.

Send exhibition invitations, lecture notices, member late-night prompts, or other relevant follow-up based on previous visits. Use real participation to make the next invitation more useful.

Report gallery activity, exhibition completion, member visits, education-group participation, and sponsor activities. Keep visitor reporting focused on program participation rather than public rankings.

Work with NextBee on hunts, member prompts, reward rules, sponsor activities, and gallery staff guides. Keep the experience aligned with education and membership goals.

Use approved membership and entry events to confirm visits and update participation. Write relevant engagement activity back to the member system where appropriate.

Use performing arts audience engagement to connect subscribers and single-ticket buyers with pre-show content, selected activities, and post-show follow-up. Give patrons relevant experiences without competing with the performance itself.

Track verified attendance and recognize visits to new series, special performances, or other selected events. Use attendance incentives to encourage participation without changing the box-office system.

Run a short lobby hunt, composer quiz, trivia activity, or family challenge before the house opens. End activities before the performance so engagement supports the experience instead of distracting from it.

Connect sponsors to pre-show activities, talkbacks, educational moments, or selected audience experiences. Track opt-in participation separately for the sponsor recap.

Reward attendance milestones, referrals, or selected engagement with approved patron benefits, experiences, or catalog choices. Keep subscriber benefits aligned with your existing membership and box-office rules.

Send artist notes, event content, renewal reminders, and relevant next-show invitations based on the patron relationship. Use season ticket holder retention journeys before the renewal window closes.

Compare attendance, series completion, subscriber activity, sponsor participation, and reward use. Give patron and partnership teams a shared view of program engagement.

Work with NextBee on pre-show activities, subscriber prompts, sponsor moments, fan club concepts, and operating guides. Align each activity with the season calendar and front-of-house workflow.

Bring approved ticket and subscriber data into reward and participation rules, then return relevant activity to your patron or CRM system. Keep ticket commerce with your existing box-office platform.

With a theme park and zoo visitor engagement solution, you can guide guests through lands, exhibits, shows, seasonal events, and other attractions. Show progress in the app guests already use.

Use approved gate or pass data to recognize a visit, a same-season return, or another qualifying attendance milestone. Keep access control and ticketing in the existing park systems.

Create digital passports, scavenger hunts, exhibit quizzes, and family goals across the property. Use activity locations to encourage discovery without interrupting normal guest flow.

Connect sponsor brands to trail stops, product samples, family activities, or selected seasonal experiences. Report completed activities separately from general gate attendance.

Reward qualifying visits, hunt completions, or seasonal participation with merchandise, experiences, or in-park benefits. Keep reward choices connected to the guest relationship.

Invite visitors to a new land, seasonal event, special exhibition, or pass-renewal opportunity based on previous participation. Use the latest visit as context for the next message.

Measure hunts, area visits, repeat attendance, and sponsor activities across guest segments. Give marketing teams clear program data without replacing park analytics.

Work with NextBee on digital passports, hunts, sponsor stops, reward rules, and phased rollout. Give park teams clear operating guides before each seasonal program begins.

Bring approved gate, pass, and attraction events into challenges or reward rules. Show participation in your park app while keeping POS and access systems responsible for their existing functions.

Use a family entertainment center loyalty program to connect attractions, parties, camps, and weekday activities. Give parents a simple view of participation and progress across the family account.

Use approved check-in data to recognize return visits, featured-attraction participation, or other attendance goals. Separate one-time party guests from regular visitors when you set reward rules.

Run scavenger hunts, party challenges, camp activities, and team games with a clear shared goal. Give staff a simple experience they can start without complicated setup.

Connect sponsors to hunt stops, camps, party activities, or other guest experiences. Record opt-ins and completions tied to the specific sponsor activity.

Reward visits, activities, referrals, and selected milestones through a family-friendly program. Use parent-managed membership when children participate in a kids fan club or similar program.

Promote camps, weekday offers, parties, seasonal events, or new attractions based on previous participation. Segment follow-up by visit type instead of sending the same message to everyone.

Compare return attendance, hunt completion, reward use, and sponsor activity across locations or guest groups. Use the data to improve the next program rather than relying only on total admissions.

Work with NextBee on visit paths, family challenges, rewards, sponsor activities, and short operating guides. Keep the program practical for weekend teams and seasonal staff.

Bring approved visit, waiver, booking, or membership events into engagement rules. Send opted-in family activity to your existing email or CRM systems.

Use esports fan engagement to connect arena guests and stream viewers through one participation program. Keep live attendance and remote participation distinct while giving both audiences relevant activities.

Use approved arena check-ins for in-person attendance and confirmed session events for remote participation. Set different earning rules so stream reach does not get mistaken for venue attendance.

Run free-to-play predictions, live fan trivia, team challenges, and event-day hunts. Time questions and activities to the match while keeping prediction mechanics free of wagering.

Connect sponsor brands to predictions, trials, booth tasks, or digital challenges and track completions by match. Give partners separate views of live and remote activity when needed.

Award qualifying match attendance, predictions, community activity, referrals, or content participation toward fan rewards. A fan club platform can give members an ongoing home for those benefits.

Use off-season fan engagement for watch challenges, roster content, community activities, and return-event invitations. Reconnect inactive supporters with a fan reactivation program before the next major event.

Compare attendance, confirmed viewing, sponsor completions, reward use, and fan activity by match or team. Give partners a clearer picture of how each audience participated.

Work with NextBee on fan activities, sponsor moments, prediction rules, rewards, and testing before the program goes live. Keep live and digital experiences connected without forcing them to use identical mechanics.

Bring approved venue scans and stream sign-ins into the fan profile, then send sponsor opt-ins or participation data to your existing systems. Support second-screen engagement without replacing the streaming platform.

Use an event engagement platform for concerts, games, shows, and hosted events while keeping each event’s activities separate. Build reusable program rules without forcing every tenant to run the same experience.

Use approved entry scans to confirm attendance and trigger event check-in rewards or repeat-visit benefits. Keep access decisions with your existing ticketing and venue systems.

Run crowd games, hunts, section challenges, or interactive activities when the event format supports them. Set start and stop times so the experience fits the show.

Run sponsor tasks across selected games, concerts, or hosted events and report participation by show. Give each partner activity its own qualification rules.

Give fans or guests credit for selected events, participation, referrals, or member activities. Use a white label fan app when the venue supports multiple teams, tenants, or event brands.

Recommend upcoming events based on previous attendance, interests, or participation. Use dark dates and quieter periods for relevant follow-up instead of letting the relationship end at the exit.

Report attendance, repeat visits, sponsor completions, reward use, and activity completion by event or tenant. Give venue teams one program view while preserving show-level detail.

Work with NextBee on shared rules, sponsor kits, show-day guides, and tenant-specific activities. Compare event engagement app alternatives against your actual venue requirements before choosing a platform.

Bring entry and ticket events into attendance, reward, and fan engagement rules, then send relevant participation to your CRM. Connect a custom fan engagement app to the same approved event data.
Use registration and check-in events to guide attendees toward the sessions or activities that fit them. Keep participation status available to the team coordinating the event experience.
Make your event worth joining and remembering. We help you connect quizzes, scavenger hunts and team challenges with clear rules and recognition for completed activities.
Invite attendees to shared-interest activities and introductions that fit the event. Use opt-in participation and clear follow-up choices to make a conversation easier to start and continue.
Give sponsors a defined participation journey, from a booth activity to an approved follow-up. Track completed interactions and qualified responses so sponsorship review has more context than impressions.
Use completed activities and stated interests to shape follow-up invitations. Share useful resources, continue a challenge or invite feedback while keeping each contact tied to a clear next step.
NEW Agentic Studio
Bring your program rules and business context. Shape a playbook with your team, then put agents to work preparing campaigns, useful assets and your next growth opportunity.
Lifetime Engagement prepares promotional assets. Opportunity Miner finds new program opportunities. Data Wrangler checks connected data. Tribe Leader Support equips your advocates.
See Agentic Studio in action →
EXPLORE WITH YOUR LIFETIME ENGAGEMENT AGENT
How do you add an Event Referral Program to the email or SMS click-through moment without raising cost per referred ticket sale?
Treat the email or SMS click-through as a single-purpose moment in an Event Referral Program: the click should land the referrer on a ready-to-share personal link, or land the invited friend on seat selection with the offer applied. The launch checklist prioritizes deep links, one ask per message, an at-least-one-friend unlock, a gift-style friend incentive and consent checks for launch weeks 6-8.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
What is an event referral program?
An event referral program rewards ticket buyers when friends they invite buy tickets and attend. It works in six steps, from share link at purchase to check-in verification and repeat purchase follow-up.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
How do you evaluate Event Referral Program vendors with a weighted scorecard?
Use a weighted scorecard to compare Event Referral Program vendors, putting the most weight on the share step at order confirmation, attendance-qualified reward logic from ticket scans, ticketing integration, fraud controls and adoption support.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
If we already run a user-generated content platform, how does adding an Event Referral Program improve referred attendee show rate?
Adding an Event Referral Program to an existing UGC platform turns fans who already post about games into inviters, and paying the referrer only when the friend's ticket scans at check-in ties the reward to referred attendee show rate. The walkthrough follows an example sports organization through configure decisions, reused assets, cannibalization risks and a holdout design.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
Should an Event Referral Program and digital product sampling launch together, and how do they share fans, data and rewards?
Launch an Event Referral Program and digital product sampling together only when the sampling sponsor's contract dates, the ticketing scan integration and consent language are all ready; otherwise start referral first and add the sample as the friend incentive in the adopt phase. Either way, run one fan identity, one household rule, one reward ledger and one redemption point at event check-in.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
Can an Event Referral Program be a competitive advantage for live event organizers, or is it table stakes?
A basic discount-code referral is table stakes and easy to copy, but an owned Event Referral Program that rewards attended tickets, builds a first-party record of who brought whom and earns referred buyers' repeat purchases can set an organizer apart. The difference shows up in referred buyer repeat purchase rate and in who controls the order confirmation page.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
Do we need an Event Referral Program, and is our organization ready to configure one?
You likely need an Event Referral Program when first-time buyers say friends brought them, yet that word of mouth goes untracked and paid acquisition keeps getting harder. Readiness rests on four factors: matching orders to check-in scans, owning the order confirmation step, a funded reward budget owner and legal capacity to approve referral terms.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR OPPORTUNITY MINER AGENT
What is the difference between an Event Referral Program and a Fan Loyalty Program, and which is better for cost per referred ticket sale?
Referral faces outward and loyalty faces inward: an Event Referral Program acquires new ticket buyers through existing fans' invitations, while a Fan Loyalty Program rewards known fans for attending and spending more often. For a lower cost per referred ticket sale, referral is the direct lever, and the two work best sharing one points currency with a no-double-earn rule.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
How can AI agents help run an event referral program?
AI agents can draft referral offers, check attended-ticket eligibility, triage self-referral flags and send thank-you page nudges in an event referral program. The Director of Ticket Sales approves offers, rule changes and payouts above caps.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
What KPIs measure Event Referral Program success, and how do you calculate cost per referred ticket sale?
The core Event Referral Program KPIs are cost per referred ticket sale, referred ticket buyers per referrer, share rate among ticket purchasers, referred attendee show rate and referred buyer repeat purchase rate. Each needs a fixed formula, a ticket-level counting rule for group orders and a target set from your own baseline or holdout, not an outside benchmark.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
What should a Director of Ticket Sales track each week on an Event Referral Program dashboard?
Start the Event Referral Program dashboard with referred ticket buyers per referrer as the outcome, then add share rate among ticket purchasers and invite click-through as leading indicators, referred attendee show rate from check-in scans, pending reward liability and fraud flags. Spec each metric's formula, source, refresh cadence, owner and alert condition in the plan phase, before the first referral link goes out.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR DATA WRANGLER AGENT
What systems does an Event Referral Program integrate with, and how do you connect it to ticketing and ERP?
Five integration lanes carry an Event Referral Program: ticketing orders, access control scans at check-in, email and SMS link tracking, identity and CRM with consent, and reward fulfillment posting liability to the ERP. Gather requirements for each lane in the plan phase so every referred ticket buyer can be matched to a referrer, an attended ticket and a booked reward.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR TRIBE LEADER SUPPORT AGENT
Who should own an Event Referral Program in a sports organization, and how are responsibilities split?
Make the Growth Marketing Manager accountable for Event Referral Program performance and optimization, while the Director of Ticket Sales holds the reward budget and sales credit rules. Finance, legal, IT, ticket operations, the CRM team and any vendor take defined responsible or consulted roles, with exactly one accountable owner per activity.
EXPLORE WITH YOUR TRIBE LEADER SUPPORT AGENT
What team, budget and effort does an Event Marketing Manager need to launch an Event Referral Program?
An Event Referral Program launch needs a small cross-functional crew: a program owner, a ticketing and CRM integrator, creative, legal review, fraud review and an analyst, plus a reward budget sized on attended tickets rather than purchases.








Customer Perspective
If you're looking for a powerful platform to run your loyalty and promotions initiatives, NextBee should be your first choice.
Mary Velosky
Executive Vice President · Eniva Health
Compare related approaches and choose the ideas you want to see in your demo.
Add challenges, learning activities and rewards to your webinar or virtual event program.
Explore this use case →Give attendees challenges, content and rewards that carry your event goals forward.
Explore this use case →Move registered attendees toward arrival with pre-event tasks and clear incentives.
Explore this use case →Create event hunts with clues, photos and location tasks tied to your program goals.
Explore this use case →Connect scans, check-ins or location evidence to event progress and reward eligibility.
Explore this use case →Use completed event activities to trigger relevant follow-up, content and next actions.
Explore this use case →Get a configured event engagement program with launch support and operating workflows.
Explore this use case →Compare engagement mechanics, data flows and reporting against your current event tools.
Explore this use case →Map attendees, activities, sponsor goals and rewards into a practical program brief.
Explore this use case →Recruit event ambassadors and give them clear promotion, referral and participation tasks.
Explore this use case →Connect verified event arrivals to welcome activities, points and eligible rewards.
Explore this use case →Draw visitors into quizzes, demos and branded games that support your booth goals.
Explore this use case →Bring your program brief, integration questions and rollout priorities. Work through the choices with a team that connects strategy, program operations and implementation.

Head of Strategic Partnerships
Connect selected sessions, booths or activities in a simple journey that helps visitors explore the event.

Client Relations Director
Use a relevant pre-event challenge or question to help attendees prepare for the experience.

Communications Director
Build a sponsor activity around a demonstration, question or discovery task rather than a scan with no purpose.

Customer Experience Lead
Offer a useful follow-up resource or referral invitation tied to the experience attendees actually joined.